
STETH
Lido Staked Ether price
$2,527.90
-$4.2000
(-0.17%)
Price change from 00:00 UTC until now

Disclaimer
The social content on this page ("Content"), including but not limited to tweets and statistics provided by LunarCrush, is sourced from third parties and provided "as is" for informational purposes only. OKX does not guarantee the quality or accuracy of the Content, and the Content does not represent the views of OKX. It is not intended to provide (i) investment advice or recommendation; (ii) an offer or solicitation to buy, sell or hold digital assets; or (iii) financial, accounting, legal or tax advice. Digital assets, including stablecoins and NFTs, involve a high degree of risk, can fluctuate greatly. The price and performance of the digital assets are not guaranteed and may change without notice.
OKX does not provide investment or asset recommendations. You should carefully consider whether trading or holding digital assets is suitable for you in light of your financial condition. Please consult your legal/tax/investment professional for questions about your specific circumstances. For further details, please refer to our Terms of Use and Risk Warning. By using the third-party website ("TPW"), you accept that any use of the TPW will be subject to and governed by the terms of the TPW. Unless expressly stated in writing, OKX and its affiliates (“OKX”) are not in any way associated with the owner or operator of the TPW. You agree that OKX is not responsible or liable for any loss, damage and any other consequences arising from your use of the TPW. Please be aware that using a TPW may result in a loss or diminution of your assets. Product may not be available in all jurisdictions.
OKX does not provide investment or asset recommendations. You should carefully consider whether trading or holding digital assets is suitable for you in light of your financial condition. Please consult your legal/tax/investment professional for questions about your specific circumstances. For further details, please refer to our Terms of Use and Risk Warning. By using the third-party website ("TPW"), you accept that any use of the TPW will be subject to and governed by the terms of the TPW. Unless expressly stated in writing, OKX and its affiliates (“OKX”) are not in any way associated with the owner or operator of the TPW. You agree that OKX is not responsible or liable for any loss, damage and any other consequences arising from your use of the TPW. Please be aware that using a TPW may result in a loss or diminution of your assets. Product may not be available in all jurisdictions.
Lido Staked Ether market info
Market cap
Market cap is calculated by multiplying the circulating supply of a coin with its latest price.
Market cap = Circulating supply × Last price
Market cap = Circulating supply × Last price
Circulating supply
Total amount of a coin that is publicly available on the market.
Market cap ranking
A coin's ranking in terms of market cap value.
All-time high
Highest price a coin has reached in its trading history.
All-time low
Lowest price a coin has reached in its trading history.
Market cap
$22.99B
Circulating supply
9,124,119 STETH
100.07% of
9,116,844 STETH
Market cap ranking
--
Audits

Last audit: Jul 31, 2022, (UTC+8)
24h high
$2,551.81
24h low
$2,473.89
All-time high
$4,100.91
-38.36% (-$1,573.01)
Last updated: Dec 17, 2024, (UTC+8)
All-time low
$1,384.79
+82.54% (+$1,143.11)
Last updated: Apr 9, 2025, (UTC+8)
How are you feeling about STETH today?
Share your sentiments here by giving a thumbs up if you’re feeling bullish about the coin or a thumbs down if you’re feeling bearish.
Vote to view results
Lido Staked Ether Feed
The following content is sourced from .

DaDa | 蓝鸟会🕊️
What is Spark? It is not only a lending protocol, but also a set of "on-chain capital operating system"
In the DeFi market, the label "lending protocol" is no longer enough to accurately describe Spark. It's not so much a financial application as it is an operational idea - what Spark wants to do is an on-chain capital operating system that is composable, manageable, and has a long-term endogenous economic structure.
This article will take you through a complete understanding of how Spark rearranges and combines "interest, assets, stablecoins, and liquidity" from four dimensions: product layer, capital flow layer, architecture layer, and governance layer to build a DeFi financial network with a high degree of freedom.
First, it is not a "deposit and loan matching", but a restructuring of capital flow
Traditional lending protocols mostly revolve around "deposit-to-borrow", but Spark is more of a three-tier structure:
(1) Saving: Deposit stablecoins to earn DSR-driven interest;
(2) Lending: Pledge blue-chip assets to mint Spark's own stablecoin USDS;
(3) Liquidity Layer: The system can redeploy part of the funds to external protocols such as Aave to dynamically obtain the best returns.
This structure emphasizes not "whether a single loan is cost-effective", but how all the funds in the system work together to continuously generate net income.
2. The core goal is to "build an on-chain spread bank"
Spark is not designed to focus on explosive growth, but on the sustainability of financial logic. The core logic can be summarized in four steps:
Users deposit USDC/DAI → to get a stable interest rate (currently around 4.5%);
Users stake ETH, stETH, rETH, etc., → lend USDS;
The system will send a part of the assets to Aave and other platforms to increase the utilization rate of funds;
All liquidity and interest are returned to the Spark protocol, and some of them go to the treasury, which will be distributed through SPK governance in the future.
This is an obvious "spread bank" structure: stablecoin + collateral + arbitrage path + protocol profit pool.
3. The embedded logic of modular architecture and "token incentive closed loop".
Each module of Spark is pre-tied to the future tokenomics design:
(1) The savings module → is linked to the DSR mechanism of Maker to strengthen the lock-up of stablecoins;
(2) Lending module → build USDS on-chain liquidity and form a multi-asset backed pool;
(3) Liquidity layer→ Establish cross-protocol scheduling capabilities to create an efficient and dynamic on-chain capital engine;
(4) SPK token design → bind savings rights, governance rights, and liquidity scheduling rights.
This means that instead of waiting for SPK to go live, Spark is deeply nesting the product logic and token functions early on.
Fourth, the governance system is placed on top of the technical architecture: the experimental structure of Sky Protocol
Spark is the first sub-protocol of Sky Protocol. Sky's philosophy is to disassemble MakerDAO's originally integrated governance and risk structure into multiple independent protocols for "governance modularization" experiments.
In Spark, this is manifested as:
(1) Most of the parameters are set by Sky → evolutionary governance path;
(2) Multiple rounds of incentive airdrops are determined by governance; → Governance: User incentive mechanism;
(3) In the future, SPK will give Spark DAO the right to govern budgets, policies, and parameters.
This makes Spark a pilot field for governance experiments in the MakerDAO system, as well as a technical carrier for building a DAO operating system.
5. What is Spark? It is a governance-oriented financial product laboratory
You can think of Spark as:
A DeFi bank with a complete product feature set;
A design concept of systematic capital operation engine;
a protocol lab with pre-bound governance structures and asset models;
A pivotal protocol that connects stablecoin, blue-chip assets, and interest rate markets.
It's not for memes, and it's not for "big TVL fast". It's modeled for the long-term financial order of DeFi – and that makes it the most long-term "infrastructure asset" in the market in 2025.
@sparkdotfi @cookiedotfun #Spark #SparkFinance #COOKIE
Show original
32.76K
72

Tao
Follow the smart money.

CryptoBigBear (自律版)
【@MidasRWA Yield Series|Part 2】
💰 mMEV Yield Strategy (1): fxSAVE
What is $mMEV?
A yield-generating token issued by Midas, utilizing a dynamically managed strategy carefully crafted by @MEVCapital. Actively allocates collateral between DeFi protocols to achieve the highest yields and other incentive opportunities.
TLDR: Wealth management for clients, helping you find safe mining opportunities and potential points projects.
Borrowing the format from @yourquantguy, I have also organized a Google Sheet for the mMEV strategy to help everyone quickly grasp the operational logic of MEV Capital 👇
📊 Google Sheets link:
Recently, mMEV deployed approximately $7.7 million into fxSAVE.
The following text begins.
@protocol_fx Project Introduction:
1. A decentralized perpetual trading platform offering up to 7x leverage for BTC/ETH.
2. Special opening mechanism: 0 funding rate, only charges 0.1% opening/closing fee.
3. If LTV > 88%, the system automatically "rebalances" to reduce positions to a safe range (charges 2.5% fee).
📽 For detailed opening/closing lightning loan operations, please watch the explanation by @22333D:
🛡 fxUSD stability pool (fxSP):
1. $fxUSD is a decentralized stablecoin fully collateralized by stETH + WBTC.
Underlying asset public addresses: 0xfd3a6540e21d0e285f88fbfd904883b23e08f5c8
0x250893ca4ba5d05626c785e8da758026928fcd24
2. fxSP can earn:
✅ stETH interest
✅ F(x) leverage trading platform transaction fee dividends
✅ @aave USDC deposit earnings
💎 fxSAVE
1. fxSAVE = an auto-compounding version of the fxUSD stability pool.
2. Can perform circular loans at @MorphoLabs; previously, mMEV had done this but exited.
🔐 Code Audit:
Conducted 12 audits - 100% of the deployed code has been audited.
Audit report:
🧐 Currently, fxSAVE APY is 10.09%. Is there a chance to further increase yields?
The shorting feature is about to launch; if going long can yield 10% APY, then adding shorting profits in the future, APY⬆️⬆️ is not impossible 😁
(NFA, DYOR)
Tagging some good friends supporting @protocol_fx & @MidasRWA:
@xivankon
@taowang1
@ViNc2453
@hzl123331
@pendle_grandma
@ChrisYagao
@KazumaxCrypto
@Wiggin_Han
@RIFF404
@jimcurrywang
@ChesterLin16
@Cwish_CS

22.3K
6




TN | Pendle
DeFi is no longer in its infancy. We’ve moved past the chaotic Cambrian explosion of experimentation and hype, into what might be best described as the “Silver Age”, a period of growing maturity, structural refinement, and focus on practical economics.
Just as TradFi evolved over centuries, from barter trade to banks, money markets, and eventually interest rate derivatives, DeFi is now undergoing a similar process. Token-to-token swaps which heralded DeFi Summer marked our barter era. Lending protocols like Aave, Compound, Morpho, and Euler formed the bedrock of crypto’s banking layer. And now, the next great leap is underway: the emergence of a yield curve and a functioning market for interest rate pricing and hedging.
At the center of this shift is Pendle, which has pioneered and popularized DeFi fixed yield as well as yield trading, providing the tools for the price discovery of yield.
Price discovery is a cornerstone of financial maturity. It enables capital to flow where it’s most productive, creates the conditions for informed decision-making, and allows both individuals and institutions to manage risk effectively. Without a functioning pricing mechanism, any market remains speculative and inefficient.
Not so long ago in the early days of “Points” meta, ETH and stablecoin fixed yields regularly spiked past 100% APY. But today, yields on Pendle have stabilized into a much more sustainable 3-15% Fixed APY, a shift that reflects a maturing market underpinned by stable, reliable flows and real demand.
Thus, Pendle facilitates yield price discovery on both a microeconomic and macroeconomic level.
1. Microeconomic Level: Democratized Access to Emerging Protocols
With the rise of points and airdrop farming, Pendle has evolved into more than just a yield venue, effectively functioning as a platform for protocols to bootstrap liquidity.
Through YTs, users can speculate on future protocol rewards such as airdrops or points, while PTs offer predictable, fixed yields. This dual-token system allows the market to price yield components separately, offering a rich set of signals to both investors and protocols. In certain cases, users have chosen YT as a form of democratized access to protocol tokens, as it could offer a similar exposure as those heavily gated private rounds only available to venture capital firms or insiders.
With YT, Pendle users can:
- Enter positions at any point in time before maturity, often without lockups or vesting schedules
- Observe and gauge the protocol in action for a prolonged “DYOR” period before deciding to commit
- Buy-in later at a discount as YTs decay toward maturity, allowing latecomers to “catch up” even if they missed the boat the first time, second time, third time…
The result is a dynamic, open marketplace that actively facilitates pricing of project TGEs, unlocking early access to potential upside while enabling hedging and capital efficiency.
In TradFi, the yield curve is considered a leading economic indicator. It helps assess inflation expectations, recession risks, and future monetary conditions. It also serves as the benchmark for pricing everything from bonds to structured debt products.
Now, DeFi has the building blocks to replicate that onchain, providing a new layer of market intelligence far beyond what price charts or funding rates can offer.
2. Macroeconomic: Building the Yield Curve of Crypto
The DeFi yield market is still in its nascent stage compared to its traditional counterpart,but it's a critical piece in nurturing a mature and sustainable financial ecosystem. At a macro level, Pendle is in the process of establishing something DeFi has lacked: a yield curve.
Currently, the most commonly viewed aspects in crypto are:
a) Token prices
b) Funding rates
c) Fear and greed index
In TradFi, the yield curve is considered a leading economic indicator. It helps assess inflation expectations, recession risks, and future monetary conditions. It also serves as the benchmark for pricing everything from bonds to structured debt products. Now, DeFi has the building blocks to replicate this infrastructure.
Pendle’s yield markets enable participants to:
- Lock in yields across various maturities (e.g., 3-month, 6-month, etc.)
- Observe how short-term vs long-term rates evolve
- Infer macro signals like future liquidity tightening or easing
The curve provides a layer of market intelligence beyond what price charts can offer. More interestingly, with the upcoming launch of Boros, DeFi will see the creation of the world’s first funding rate curve, another first for the crypto economy. This curve will chart market expectations of perp funding rates over time, opening the door to a richer, more dynamic layer of yield analytics, strategy construction, and market interpretation.
In TradFi, yield curves shape everything from debt issuance to equity valuations. For crypto to reach its “Golden Age,” it needs similar tooling to support its own growing economy.
Importance of Yield Curve in Crypto
An upward-sloping yield curve of ETH staking APY plotted with Pendle’s stETH markets. The longer-dated maturity pools have higher yields due to greater uncertainty of yield changes over longer periods, which is how a “normal” yield curve would look like.
With the funding rate curve, deeper insights can be gathered on:
1. How the market is pricing various durations of funding rates and how this plays into short and long term market sentiment.
2. Liquidity health across tenures and where demand is greatest during times of market stress.
3. Brand new dynamics which form as more transparency and efficiency is created in the Funding markets
In my previous piece, I argued that stablecoin-denominated fixed yields will form the backbone for onboarding TradFi institutions into DeFi. These institutions are already searching for uncorrelated, attractive returns, and stablecoin fixed yields offer exactly that. But to participate meaningfully, they need more than just raw return figures. They require infrastructure that mirrors the analytical rigor and risk frameworks of traditional fixed income markets.
That’s where Pendle comes in.
Pendle enables the construction of yield curves, the discovery of interest rates, and the tools for institutional-grade risk management. This combination lowers the barrier for TradFi to enter, offering familiar frameworks in a novel, blockchain-native economy.
By establishing yield pricing at scale, Pendle is laying the rails for institutional adoption, ushering in the next “Golden Age” of DeFi, where yield becomes not just an opportunity, but a cornerstone of the new global financial system.
Job’s not done.

32.71K
147
Convert USD to STETH


Lido Staked Ether price performance in USD
The current price of Lido Staked Ether is $2,527.90. Since 00:00 UTC, Lido Staked Ether has decreased by -0.17%. It currently has a circulating supply of 9,124,119 STETH and a maximum supply of 9,116,844 STETH, giving it a fully diluted market cap of $22.99B. At present, Lido Staked Ether holds the 0 position in market cap rankings. The Lido Staked Ether/USD price is updated in real-time.
Today
-$4.2000
-0.17%
7 days
-$228.94
-8.31%
30 days
-$29.3900
-1.15%
3 months
+$557.18
+28.27%
Popular Lido Staked Ether conversions
Last updated: 06/19/2025, 14:24
1 STETH to USD | $2,519.54 |
1 STETH to EUR | €2,199.20 |
1 STETH to PHP | ₱144,777.8 |
1 STETH to IDR | Rp 41,378,551 |
1 STETH to GBP | £1,880.97 |
1 STETH to CAD | $3,456.63 |
1 STETH to AED | AED 9,252.61 |
1 STETH to VND | ₫65,818,704 |
About Lido Staked Ether (STETH)
The rating provided is an aggregated rating collected by OKX from the sources provided and is for informational purpose only. OKX does not guarantee the quality or accuracy of the ratings. It is not intended to provide (i) investment advice or recommendation; (ii) an offer or solicitation to buy, sell or hold digital assets; or (iii) financial, accounting, legal or tax advice. Digital assets, including stablecoins and NFTs, involve a high degree of risk, can fluctuate greatly, and can even become worthless. The price and performance of the digital assets are not guaranteed and may change without notice. Your digital assets are not covered by insurance against potential losses. Historical returns are not indicative of future returns. OKX does not guarantee any return, repayment of principal or interest. OKX does not provide investment or asset recommendations. You should carefully consider whether trading or holding digital assets is suitable for you in light of your financial condition. Please consult your legal/ tax/ investment professional for questions about your specific circumstances.
Show more
- Official website
- White Paper
- Github
- Block explorer
About third-party websites
About third-party websites
By using the third-party website ("TPW"), you accept that any use of the TPW will be subject to and governed by the terms of the TPW. Unless expressly stated in writing, OKX and its affiliates ("OKX") are not in any way associated with the owner or operator of the TPW. You agree that OKX is not responsible or liable for any loss, damage and any other consequences arising from your use of the TPW. Please be aware that using a TPW may result in a loss or diminution of your assets.
Lido Staked Ether FAQ
How much is 1 Lido Staked Ether worth today?
Currently, one Lido Staked Ether is worth $2,527.90. For answers and insight into Lido Staked Ether's price action, you're in the right place. Explore the latest Lido Staked Ether charts and trade responsibly with OKX.
What is cryptocurrency?
Cryptocurrencies, such as Lido Staked Ether, are digital assets that operate on a public ledger called blockchains. Learn more about coins and tokens offered on OKX and their different attributes, which includes live prices and real-time charts.
When was cryptocurrency invented?
Thanks to the 2008 financial crisis, interest in decentralized finance boomed. Bitcoin offered a novel solution by being a secure digital asset on a decentralized network. Since then, many other tokens such as Lido Staked Ether have been created as well.
Will the price of Lido Staked Ether go up today?
Check out our Lido Staked Ether price prediction page to forecast future prices and determine your price targets.
Monitor crypto prices on an exchange
Watch this video to learn about what happens when you move your money to a crypto exchange.
ESG Disclosure
ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) regulations for crypto assets aim to address their environmental impact (e.g., energy-intensive mining), promote transparency, and ensure ethical governance practices to align the crypto industry with broader sustainability and societal goals. These regulations encourage compliance with standards that mitigate risks and foster trust in digital assets.
Asset details
Name
OKcoin Europe LTD
Relevant legal entity identifier
54930069NLWEIGLHXU42
Name of the crypto-asset
lido_staked_eth
Consensus Mechanism
lido_staked_eth is present on the following networks: Ethereum, Solana, Terra 2.0.
The crypto-asset's Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism, introduced with The Merge in 2022, replaces mining with validator staking. Validators must stake at least 32 ETH every block a validator is randomly chosen to propose the next block. Once proposed the other validators verify the blocks integrity. The network operates on a slot and epoch system, where a new block is proposed every 12 seconds, and finalization occurs after two epochs (~12.8 minutes) using Casper-FFG. The Beacon Chain coordinates validators, while the fork-choice rule (LMD-GHOST) ensures the chain follows the heaviest accumulated validator votes. Validators earn rewards for proposing and verifying blocks, but face slashing for malicious behavior or inactivity. PoS aims to improve energy efficiency, security, and scalability, with future upgrades like Proto-Danksharding enhancing transaction efficiency.
Solana uses a unique combination of Proof of History (PoH) and Proof of Stake (PoS) to achieve high throughput, low latency, and robust security. Here’s a detailed explanation of how these mechanisms work: Core Concepts 1. Proof of History (PoH): Time-Stamped Transactions: PoH is a cryptographic technique that timestamps transactions, creating a historical record that proves that an event has occurred at a specific moment in time. Verifiable Delay Function: PoH uses a Verifiable Delay Function (VDF) to generate a unique hash that includes the transaction and the time it was processed. This sequence of hashes provides a verifiable order of events, enabling the network to efficiently agree on the sequence of transactions. 2. Proof of Stake (PoS): Validator Selection: Validators are chosen to produce new blocks based on the number of SOL tokens they have staked. The more tokens staked, the higher the chance of being selected to validate transactions and produce new blocks. Delegation: Token holders can delegate their SOL tokens to validators, earning rewards proportional to their stake while enhancing the network's security. Consensus Process 1. Transaction Validation: Transactions are broadcast to the network and collected by validators. Each transaction is validated to ensure it meets the network’s criteria, such as having correct signatures and sufficient funds. 2. PoH Sequence Generation: A validator generates a sequence of hashes using PoH, each containing a timestamp and the previous hash. This process creates a historical record of transactions, establishing a cryptographic clock for the network. 3. Block Production: The network uses PoS to select a leader validator based on their stake. The leader is responsible for bundling the validated transactions into a block. The leader validator uses the PoH sequence to order transactions within the block, ensuring that all transactions are processed in the correct order. 4. Consensus and Finalization: Other validators verify the block produced by the leader validator. They check the correctness of the PoH sequence and validate the transactions within the block. Once the block is verified, it is added to the blockchain. Validators sign off on the block, and it is considered finalized. Security and Economic Incentives 1. Incentives for Validators: Block Rewards: Validators earn rewards for producing and validating blocks. These rewards are distributed in SOL tokens and are proportional to the validator’s stake and performance. Transaction Fees: Validators also earn transaction fees from the transactions included in the blocks they produce. These fees provide an additional incentive for validators to process transactions efficiently. 2. Security: Staking: Validators must stake SOL tokens to participate in the consensus process. This staking acts as collateral, incentivizing validators to act honestly. If a validator behaves maliciously or fails to perform, they risk losing their staked tokens. Delegated Staking: Token holders can delegate their SOL tokens to validators, enhancing network security and decentralization. Delegators share in the rewards and are incentivized to choose reliable validators. 3. Economic Penalties: Slashing: Validators can be penalized for malicious behavior, such as double-signing or producing invalid blocks. This penalty, known as slashing, results in the loss of a portion of the staked tokens, discouraging dishonest actions.
Terra 2.0 is a Layer 1 blockchain developed with the Cosmos SDK and utilizes the Tendermint BFT (Byzantine Fault Tolerance) consensus protocol. This architecture allows Terra 2.0 to act as a standalone blockchain within the Cosmos ecosystem and benefit from Inter-Blockchain Communication (IBC) to enable seamless interactions with other blockchains. The Tendermint BFT consensus protocol implemented in Terra 2.0 combines a classic Byzantine fault tolerance approach with a Delegated Proof-of-Stake (DPoS) system. Validators are selected by staking LUNA tokens and are responsible for validating transactions and creating new blocks.
Incentive Mechanisms and Applicable Fees
lido_staked_eth is present on the following networks: Ethereum, Solana, Terra 2.0.
The crypto-asset's PoS system secures transactions through validator incentives and economic penalties. Validators stake at least 32 ETH and earn rewards for proposing blocks, attesting to valid ones, and participating in sync committees. Rewards are paid in newly issued ETH and transaction fees. Under EIP-1559, transaction fees consist of a base fee, which is burned to reduce supply, and an optional priority fee (tip) paid to validators. Validators face slashing if they act maliciously and incur penalties for inactivity. This system aims to increase security by aligning incentives while making the crypto-asset's fee structure more predictable and deflationary during high network activity.
Solana uses a combination of Proof of History (PoH) and Proof of Stake (PoS) to secure its network and validate transactions. Here’s a detailed explanation of the incentive mechanisms and applicable fees: Incentive Mechanisms 4. Validators: Staking Rewards: Validators are chosen based on the number of SOL tokens they have staked. They earn rewards for producing and validating blocks, which are distributed in SOL. The more tokens staked, the higher the chances of being selected to validate transactions and produce new blocks. Transaction Fees: Validators earn a portion of the transaction fees paid by users for the transactions they include in the blocks. This provides an additional financial incentive for validators to process transactions efficiently and maintain the network's integrity. 5. Delegators: Delegated Staking: Token holders who do not wish to run a validator node can delegate their SOL tokens to a validator. In return, delegators share in the rewards earned by the validators. This encourages widespread participation in securing the network and ensures decentralization. 6. Economic Security: Slashing: Validators can be penalized for malicious behavior, such as producing invalid blocks or being frequently offline. This penalty, known as slashing, involves the loss of a portion of their staked tokens. Slashing deters dishonest actions and ensures that validators act in the best interest of the network. Opportunity Cost: By staking SOL tokens, validators and delegators lock up their tokens, which could otherwise be used or sold. This opportunity cost incentivizes participants to act honestly to earn rewards and avoid penalties. Fees Applicable on the Solana Blockchain 7. Transaction Fees: Low and Predictable Fees: Solana is designed to handle a high throughput of transactions, which helps keep fees low and predictable. The average transaction fee on Solana is significantly lower compared to other blockchains like Ethereum. Fee Structure: Fees are paid in SOL and are used to compensate validators for the resources they expend to process transactions. This includes computational power and network bandwidth. 8. Rent Fees: State Storage: Solana charges rent fees for storing data on the blockchain. These fees are designed to discourage inefficient use of state storage and encourage developers to clean up unused state. Rent fees help maintain the efficiency and performance of the network. 9. Smart Contract Fees: Execution Costs: Similar to transaction fees, fees for deploying and interacting with smart contracts on Solana are based on the computational resources required. This ensures that users are charged proportionally for the resources they consume.
Terra 2.0, validators are incentivized through staking rewards, which are distributed to maintain the network's security and functionality. These rewards are derived from a combination of transaction fees (referred to as gas fees), seigniorage (if applicable), and other network-specific revenue sources. Validators share these rewards with delegators, who stake their LUNA tokens by delegating them to validators. Transaction fees in Terra 2.0 are paid in LUNA, the network's native token. These fees are calculated based on the computational resources required to process transactions, such as smart contract execution or token transfers. The fee structure follows a 'base fee plus priority fee' model, where users can pay an additional fee to prioritize their transactions during periods of high network congestion. Fees serve two purposes: they prevent spam attacks by adding a cost to every transaction and provide financial rewards to validators for processing transactions.
Beginning of the period to which the disclosure relates
2024-06-14
End of the period to which the disclosure relates
2025-06-14
Energy report
Energy consumption
8352.01017 (kWh/a)
Energy consumption sources and methodologies
The energy consumption of this asset is aggregated across multiple components:
To determine the energy consumption of a token, the energy consumption of the network(s) ethereum, solana, terra_2.0 is calculated first. For the energy consumption of the token, a fraction of the energy consumption of the network is attributed to the token, which is determined based on the activity of the crypto-asset within the network. When calculating the energy consumption, the Functionally Fungible Group Digital Token Identifier (FFG DTI) is used - if available - to determine all implementations of the asset in scope. The mappings are updated regularly, based on data of the Digital Token Identifier Foundation.
Convert USD to STETH

