SOL
SOL

Solana price

Top market cap
$152.64
+$4.2400
(+2.85%)
Price change for the last 24 hours
USDUSD

Disclaimer

The social content on this page ("Content"), including but not limited to tweets and statistics provided by LunarCrush, is sourced from third parties and provided "as is" for informational purposes only. OKX does not guarantee the quality or accuracy of the Content, and the Content does not represent the views of OKX. It is not intended to provide (i) investment advice or recommendation; (ii) an offer or solicitation to buy, sell or hold digital assets; or (iii) financial, accounting, legal or tax advice. Digital assets, including stablecoins and NFTs, involve a high degree of risk, can fluctuate greatly. The price and performance of the digital assets are not guaranteed and may change without notice.

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Solana market info

Market cap
Market cap is calculated by multiplying the circulating supply of a coin with its latest price.
Market cap = Circulating supply × Last price
Circulating supply
Total amount of a coin that is publicly available on the market.
Market cap ranking
A coin's ranking in terms of market cap value.
All-time high
Highest price a coin has reached in its trading history.
All-time low
Lowest price a coin has reached in its trading history.
Market cap
$81.47B
Circulating supply
534,608,335 SOL
88.46% of
604,305,692 SOL
Market cap ranking
5
Audits
CertiK
Last audit: Sep 26, 2022, (UTC+8)
24h high
$154.49
24h low
$147.17
All-time high
$295.90
-48.42% (-$143.26)
Last updated: Jan 19, 2025, (UTC+8)
All-time low
$0.31000
+49,138.70% (+$152.33)
Last updated: Oct 29, 2020, (UTC+8)
How are you feeling about SOL today?
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Keep up with Solana's price in a tap
Keep up with Solana's price in a tap

Solana Feed

The following content is sourced from .
Jay Gemz
Jay Gemz
Solana is 10B+ $LOOM the original Solana is at 10k Hj8soti3c7qAauuKtBffKvkmdd6px9Z9ds7x4Syypump
163
0
MartyParty
MartyParty
Liquidation Levels - 11pm July 2nd
567
4
BlockVision
BlockVision
🚀 #Sui is growing at lightning speed 📈 At #Suivision, we’re all in — building products and backing the devs shaping Sui’s future. Let’s evolve together! 💪✨
Sam Blackshear
Sam Blackshear
Sui highlights from EC mid-year dev stats refresh: - Sui is the 2nd fastest growing L1 dev community over the last year at 16.1% -- just a hair behind Solana at 17.7%. - Sui is the fastest growing L1 dev community over the last two years at 54% - This goes against broader growth trends--total crypto devs is down ~20% in the last year and all major EVM L1s had negative dev growth in the past year - Sui remains the largest, fastest-growing, and most vibrant Move developer community
533
0
curb.sol
curb.sol
🚨 JUST IN: $SOL CME FUTURES SEE RECORD INSTITUTIONAL DEMAND AS OPEN INTEREST HITS $167M+, FOLLOWING THE LAUNCH OF THE 1ST EVER SOLANA STAKING ETF #SOLANA ⚡️
212
4
Mr.Bai 白先生
Mr.Bai 白先生
I have repeatedly emphasized in the video that we have already entered 7 layers of positions in $ETH. Brothers at the E-Guardian headquarters, the narrative of #RWA has also arrived. What we need to do is to hold on and hold firmly! Whether you are rolling with @KaitoAI or short-term writing with @MemeX_MRC20 to grab some U, dollar-cost averaging is the simplest trading method! Regarding #ETH, I have been publicly dollar-cost averaging since April. There are still people who continue to be bearish. To be honest, there are indeed short-term opportunities for a downturn, but in the long term, our spot target is at least the previous high! ◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆ ➤ Summary of key points ❚ Currently, @coinbase is entering the RWA space, and the biggest advantage is compliance. Whether issuing on the #Base chain or on @RobinhoodApp's @arbitrum chain, it is all priced in ETH! ❚ The biggest issue with tokenizing US stocks on-chain is the liquidity problem. The reason @xStocksFi is likely operating on #SOL is to create a smaller market cap for US stock tokenization in the future, bringing a new narrative to MEME! ➤ Therefore, the MEME-ification of US stocks is definitely just the beginning, and more funds coming in will likely still be in #Ethereum!
Mr.Bai 白先生
Mr.Bai 白先生
The tokenization of US stocks will be a very big narrative. After the term "coin stocks" exploded today, I recorded my YouTube video, mentioning the positive news for Ethereum and the reasons we insist on dollar-cost averaging! ✅ YouTube: ➤ The issues that need to be addressed in this round of US stock tokenization ❚ First is the liquidity issue. Many mainstream company tokenizations actually lack liquidity, which presents two opportunities: one is whether @cz_binance, @binancezh, and @okxchinese will join in the future? ❚ Also, will there be some smaller US stock tokens launched later, triggering a round of memecoin narratives? ◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆ ➤ How can we participate in this wave of US stock tokenization? ❚ Currently, there are two: @RobinhoodApp and @xStocksFi, and @RobinhoodApp has transformed into an on-chain brokerage, allowing it to buy stocks directly and issue and mint on @arbitrum! ❚ The main principle of @xStocksFi is still as @_FORAB said, Backed Assets buy stocks in the US market through the IBKR Prime channel, then transfer them to an isolated account under Clearstream. ❚ After the transfer, it will trigger contracts deployed on the #SOL chain. For example, for every 1000 shares of Tesla stock bought and stored, 1000 TSLAx tokens will be minted on a 1:1 basis. ◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆ So, whether on the #Arbitrum chain or @coinbase launching on the #Base chain, everything is priced in $ETH, which is a huge positive for #Ethereum! Even if issued on the @solana chain, #ETH will also rise in sync. For us, dollar-cost averaging Ethereum is beneficial because its price is relatively low, and there is significant room for growth! The narrative of #RWA has also arrived. What we need to do is hold on and hold firmly!
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Convert USD to SOL

USDUSD
SOLSOL

Solana price performance in USD

The current price of Solana is $152.64. Over the last 24 hours, Solana has increased by +2.86%. It currently has a circulating supply of 534,608,335 SOL and a maximum supply of 604,305,692 SOL, giving it a fully diluted market cap of $81.47B. At present, Solana holds the 5 position in market cap rankings. The Solana/USD price is updated in real-time.
Today
+$4.2400
+2.85%
7 days
+$6.3900
+4.36%
30 days
-$7.2000
-4.51%
3 months
+$29.8600
+24.31%

About Solana (SOL)

4.1/5
CyberScope
4.5
04/16/2025
TokenInsight
3.7
04/15/2025
The rating provided is an aggregated rating collected by OKX from the sources provided and is for informational purpose only. OKX does not guarantee the quality or accuracy of the ratings. It is not intended to provide (i) investment advice or recommendation; (ii) an offer or solicitation to buy, sell or hold digital assets; or (iii) financial, accounting, legal or tax advice. Digital assets, including stablecoins and NFTs, involve a high degree of risk, can fluctuate greatly, and can even become worthless. The price and performance of the digital assets are not guaranteed and may change without notice. Your digital assets are not covered by insurance against potential losses. Historical returns are not indicative of future returns. OKX does not guarantee any return, repayment of principal or interest. OKX does not provide investment or asset recommendations. You should carefully consider whether trading or holding digital assets is suitable for you in light of your financial condition. Please consult your legal/ tax/ investment professional for questions about your specific circumstances.
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Solana describes itself as a third-generation network designed to solve the blockchain trilemma – the notoriously difficult feat of improving performance without compromising decentralization and security. Solana might succeed where first and second-generation blockchains have struggled by introducing innovative methodologies to optimize a blockchain network's speed while retaining a high level of decentralization.

Solana's decision to focus on finding a balance between speed, security, and decentralization stems from the need to create enabling environments for launching world-class decentralized applications (DApps). The goal is to provide a blockchain network to help DApps attain the same functionality and user experience that their centralized counterparts offer.

The Solana ecosystem has SOL as its base currency, which users can use to make payments, settle related fees, and participate in the network's staking economy. The digital asset also doubles as Solana's governance currency. In essence, SOL holders can vote on proposals that would, in turn, determine the type of changes and upgrades adopted by the Solana ecosystem.

How does Solana work

Like most blockchains, Solana relies on a consensus algorithm. Such algorithms ensure blockchains don't require intermediary entities like Visa or PayPal to execute and validate transactions. However, rather than opt for the energy-intensive and slower Proof of Work (PoW) consensus protocol like Bitcoin, Solana has adopted a more dynamic alternative that gives room for highly scalable and eco-friendly operations.

Specifically, Solana’s dynamic consensus system combines the in-house designed Proof of History (PoH) protocol and the popular Proof of Stake (PoS) model. PoH creates a historical record of events and transactions and allows the system to process transactions faster and more efficiently.

Armed with these two consensus mechanisms, Solana can reportedly process up to 50,000 transactions per second, which is why it is often called the "Visa of the crypto world." This is an exceptional feat considering that Ethereum, the most popular application-based blockchain, currently has a maximum theoretical TPS of 119. According to Solana, developments are underway to increase the current maximum transaction size possible on the network, which currently stands at 1,232 bytes. QUIC, a Google-built transaction ingestion protocol currently live on Solana's Mainnet-beta, could be the key to unlocking a larger transaction size.

Solana provides a flexible development tool kit that supports three popular programming languages: Rust, C, and C++. Solana has also highlighted community-driven efforts to allow on-chain programs to be written in other languages such as Python via Seahorse. Proponents of Solana argue that the possibility of writing smart contract codes with multiple programming languages will help developers access a more familiar and flexible development environment, unlike what we have on blockchains with native smart contract languages.

Additionally, the Solana blockchain has a block propagation protocol named Turbine that makes data distribution faster across the network. Finally, Solana uses Gulf Stream, a Mempool-less transaction forwarding protocol that enables validators to execute transactions beforehand.

Solana's high-speed and low-cost transactions make it an attractive platform for DeFi applications. It supports various DeFi projects, including decentralized exchanges (DEX), lending and borrowing platforms, and yield farming protocols. Furthermore, with its ability to handle a large number of transactions per second, Solana is a suitable platform for blockchain-based games. Developers can build interactive and scalable games on Solana that offer rewards in SOL or other tokens.

SOL price and tokenomics

Launched in March 2020, SOL initially sold for $0.22 to supporters through a public auction, successfully raising $1.76 million. The subsequent surge in Solana's value led to a significant private token sale round in June 2021, generating a substantial $314 million for Solana Labs. The funds raised in this round are earmarked for the development and promotion of a robust and expansive decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystem on the Solana blockchain.

Over the years, the Solana team conducted five funding rounds, starting with a seed round of $3.17 million, followed by three private funding rounds that eventually culminated in a $20 million Series A. An additional $1.76 million was raised through a public auction in March 2022 with CoinList. These funding efforts have propelled Solana's growth and positioned it as a prominent player in the blockchain space.

The SOL price reached its all time high of $259.69 back in November 7, 2021. Although the Solana price fell sharply and stagnated in the years following, the latter part of 2023 saw the token gain bullish momentum. SOL prices reached above $100 for the first time in almost two years during late January 2024, and continued its uptrend to hit $195.72 on March 24, 2024. Various factors have contributed to the Solana price rise, but many commentators attribute it to the growing strength of the network. Solana surpassed rival smart contract blockchain Ethereum for decentralized exchange (DEX) volume during March 2024, reportedly due to a flurry of activity surrounding Solana-based memecoins and a superior volume to total value locked for Solana.

Key tools and technologies in the Solana ecosystem

Launched in October 2021, the Jupiter swap aggregator is considered by many to be an influential part of Solana's success. Jupiter aggregates liquidity for Solana, helping users to find the best prices with minimal volatility and slippage.

Meanwhile, Magic Eden is the largest non-fungible token (NFT) marketplace on Solana. The platform allows users to buy, sell, and mint digital collectibles, and also provides various resources to help developers build their own projects. Although Magic Eden is a major NFT marketplace on the Solana network, it also supports other chains including Polygon, Base, Ethereum, and Bitcoin Ordinals.

Another key tool in the Solana ecosystem is Pyth Network. This blockchain oracle allows smart contracts to interact with real-world price data in real-time. Data is collected from a large quantity of sources including exchanges, market makers, and financial services providers. Significantly, Pyth Network can find and publish off-chain data on-chain, powering DApps (and their users) with access to high-fidelity real-time market data.

SOL distribution

The initial supply of SOL, totaling 500,000 tokens, was distributed among various entities involved in Solana's early funding rounds. Notably, a portion was allocated to investors in the Seed round, while another share was reserved for participants in the Series A rounds. Additionally, some tokens were sold in a public sale, and a portion was distributed among the founding team members who contributed to the project's development. Furthermore, the Solana Foundation, a not-for-profit entity supporting Solana initiatives, received its share of tokens. Lastly, a community reserve fund, managed by the Solana Foundation, also received a portion of the initial supply to support the broader Solana community.

About the founders

Anatoly Yakovenko, a software engineer, first introduced Solana in 2017 when he published a whitepaper where he proposed the concept of Proof of History and how it can optimize the throughput of blockchains. Before venturing into the blockchain ecosystem, Yakovenko worked at Qualcomm and Dropbox as a software engineer.

After introducing the Solana project, Yakovenko teamed up with one of his former Qualcomm colleagues, Greg Fitzgerald, to co-found Solana Labs, the software development company responsible for building and maintaining the Proof of History-based blockchain network. Along the line, Yakovenko and Fitzgerald recruited more former Qualcomm colleagues.

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Learn more about Solana (SOL)

Solana’s Staking ETF Launch Sparks Institutional Interest and Bullish Momentum
Solana’s Staking ETF Launch Sparks Institutional Interest and Bullish Momentum
Solana News Today: A Milestone for Solana and Crypto ETFs The cryptocurrency market is abuzz with the upcoming launch of the REX-Osprey Solana and Staking ETF (SSK) , the first-ever staked crypto ETF in the United States. This groundbreaking development is poised to drive institutional adoption, enhance regulatory clarity, and potentially ignite bullish momentum for Solana (SOL) . With Solana already gaining traction in the altcoin market, this ETF could be a transformative moment for the blockchain ecosystem and the broader cryptocurrency industry.
Jul 2, 2025|OKX
Crypto ETFs Poised for Breakthrough: SEC Signals Approval for Solana, XRP, and Litecoin
Crypto ETFs Poised for Breakthrough: SEC Signals Approval for Solana, XRP, and Litecoin
A New Era for Crypto ETFs: SOL, XRP, and the Future of Digital Asset Investment The cryptocurrency industry is on the cusp of a transformative milestone as analysts predict 2025 to be a breakthrough year for crypto exchange-traded funds (ETFs). Bloomberg ETF analysts estimate a 90–95% probability of approval for spot ETFs tied to major altcoins like Solana (SOL), XRP, and Litecoin (LTC). This development could usher in a new wave of institutional investment, legitimizing digital assets within traditional financial systems and accelerating widespread adoption.
Jul 2, 2025|OKX
Solana Revolutionizes Finance with Tokenized Stocks, AI-Driven DeFi, and High-Speed Transactions
Solana Revolutionizes Finance with Tokenized Stocks, AI-Driven DeFi, and High-Speed Transactions
Introduction: Solana's Role in Transforming Financial Services Solana, a high-performance blockchain platform, is redefining the financial services landscape. With its unparalleled speed, low transaction costs, and modular infrastructure, Solana is bridging the gap between traditional finance and blockchain technology. From tokenized stock trading to AI-driven decentralized finance (DeFi) solutions, Solana is empowering investors and institutions to embrace a more efficient, decentralized future.
Jul 2, 2025|OKX
Altcoin Season Ignites: Ethereum, Solana, XRP, and Cardano Lead the Charge Amid ETF Buzz and Market Shifts
Altcoin Season Ignites: Ethereum, Solana, XRP, and Cardano Lead the Charge Amid ETF Buzz and Market Shifts
Altcoin Season Ignites: Key Drivers Behind the Resurgence The cryptocurrency market is buzzing with renewed excitement as altcoins experience a significant resurgence. This rally is fueled by a combination of factors, including ETF developments, bullish price trends, and increased blockchain activity. With Bitcoin dominance nearing critical resistance levels, analysts are predicting a potential breakout for altcoins, signaling the start of a full-blown altcoin season.
Jul 2, 2025|OKX
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Socials

Posts
Number of posts mentioning a token in the last 24h. This can help gauge the level of interest surrounding this token.
Contributors
Number of individuals posting about a token in the last 24h. A higher number of contributors can suggest improved token performance.
Interactions
Sum of socially-driven online engagement in the last 24h, such as likes, comments, and reposts. High engagement levels can indicate strong interest in a token.
Sentiment
Percentage score reflecting post sentiment in the last 24h. A high percentage score correlates with positive sentiment and can indicate improved market performance.
Volume rank
Volume refers to post volume in the last 24h. A higher volume ranking reflects a token’s favored position relative to other tokens.
In the last 24 hours, there have been 115K new posts about Solana, driven by 42K contributors, and total online engagement reached 24M social interactions. The sentiment score for Solana currently stands at 67%. Compared to all cryptocurrencies, post volume for Solana currently ranks at 188. Keep an eye on changes to social metrics as they can be key indicators of the influence and reach of Solana.
Powered by LunarCrush
Posts
115,444
Contributors
41,543
Interactions
23,938,514
Sentiment
67%
Volume rank
#188

X

Posts
100,162
Interactions
13,795,454
Sentiment
82%

Solana FAQ

What is Solana?

Solana is a blockchain network that focuses on providing lightning-fast transaction speed without compromising security or decentralization. Like Ethereum, Solana enables the smart contract infrastructure necessary for launching and running decentralized applications and tokens.

How does Solana work?

Solana combines the Proof of History (PoH) protocol and Proof of Stake (PoS) mechanism to establish a dynamic and lightning-quick means of achieving consensus and transferring value on the blockchain. The PoH protocol enables the synchrony of all computers connected to the Solana network and establishes the chronological ordering of historical data. On the other hand, PoS governs the processes involved in picking validators and assigning tasks to them.

What can I do with SOL?

After you buy SOL, you can use your SOL tokens to explore the Solana blockchain and pay for transactions and services on-chain. You can access popular DeFi protocols, collect and trade trending Solana NFTs, and stake tokens to a validator to earn staking rewards.

Where can I buy SOL?

Easily buy SOL tokens on the OKX cryptocurrency platform. Available trading pairs in the OKX spot trading terminal include SOL/USDT, SOL/USDC, SOL/BTC, and SOL/ETH.

You can also buy SOL with over 99 fiat currencies by selecting the "Express buy" option. Other popular crypto tokens, such as Bitcoin (BTC), Tether (USDT), and USD Coin (USDC), are also available.

Alternatively, you can swap your existing cryptocurrencies, including XRP (XRP), Cardano (ADA), and Chainlink (LINK), for SOL with zero fees and no price slippage by using OKX Convert.

To view the estimated real-time conversion prices between fiat currencies, such as the USD, EUR, GBP, and others, into SOL, visit the OKX Crypto Converter Calculator. OKX's high-liquidity crypto exchange ensures the best prices for your crypto purchases.

How much is 1 Solana worth today?
Currently, one Solana is worth $152.64. For answers and insight into Solana's price action, you're in the right place. Explore the latest Solana charts and trade responsibly with OKX.
What is cryptocurrency?
Cryptocurrencies, such as Solana, are digital assets that operate on a public ledger called blockchains. Learn more about coins and tokens offered on OKX and their different attributes, which includes live prices and real-time charts.
When was cryptocurrency invented?
Thanks to the 2008 financial crisis, interest in decentralized finance boomed. Bitcoin offered a novel solution by being a secure digital asset on a decentralized network. Since then, many other tokens such as Solana have been created as well.
Will the price of Solana go up today?
Check out our Solana price prediction page to forecast future prices and determine your price targets.

Monitor crypto prices on an exchange

Watch this video to learn about what happens when you move your money to a crypto exchange.

ESG Disclosure

ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) regulations for crypto assets aim to address their environmental impact (e.g., energy-intensive mining), promote transparency, and ensure ethical governance practices to align the crypto industry with broader sustainability and societal goals. These regulations encourage compliance with standards that mitigate risks and foster trust in digital assets.
Asset details
Name
OKCoin Europe Ltd
Relevant legal entity identifier
54930069NLWEIGLHXU42
Name of the crypto-asset
Solana SOL
Consensus Mechanism
Solana uses a unique combination of Proof of History (PoH) and Proof of Stake (PoS) to achieve high throughput, low latency, and robust security. Here’s a detailed explanation of how these mechanisms work: Core Concepts 1. Proof of History (PoH): Time-Stamped Transactions: PoH is a cryptographic technique that timestamps transactions, creating a historical record that proves that an event has occurred at a specific moment in time. Verifiable Delay Function: PoH uses a Verifiable Delay Function (VDF) to generate a unique hash that includes the transaction and the time it was processed. This sequence of hashes provides a verifiable order of events, enabling the network to efficiently agree on the sequence of transactions. 2. Proof of Stake (PoS): Validator Selection: Validators are chosen to produce new blocks based on the number of SOL tokens they have staked. The more tokens staked, the higher the chance of being selected to validate transactions and produce new blocks. Delegation: Token holders can delegate their SOL tokens to validators, earning rewards proportional to their stake while enhancing the network's security. Consensus Process 1. Transaction Validation: Transactions are broadcast to the network and collected by validators. Each transaction is validated to ensure it meets the network’s criteria, such as having correct signatures and sufficient funds. 2. PoH Sequence Generation: A validator generates a sequence of hashes using PoH, each containing a timestamp and the previous hash. This process creates a historical record of transactions, establishing a cryptographic clock for the network. 3. Block Production: The network uses PoS to select a leader validator based on their stake. The leader is responsible for bundling the validated transactions into a block. The leader validator uses the PoH sequence to order transactions within the block, ensuring that all transactions are processed in the correct order. 4. Consensus and Finalization: Other validators verify the block produced by the leader validator. They check the correctness of the PoH sequence and validate the transactions within the block. Once the block is verified, it is added to the blockchain. Validators sign off on the block, and it is considered finalized. Security and Economic Incentives 1. Incentives for Validators: Block Rewards: Validators earn rewards for producing and validating blocks. These rewards are distributed in SOL tokens and are proportional to the validator’s stake and performance. Transaction Fees: Validators also earn transaction fees from the transactions included in the blocks they produce. These fees provide an additional incentive for validators to process transactions efficiently. 2. Security: Staking: Validators must stake SOL tokens to participate in the consensus process. This staking acts as collateral, incentivizing validators to act honestly. If a validator behaves maliciously or fails to perform, they risk losing their staked tokens. Delegated Staking: Token holders can delegate their SOL tokens to validators, enhancing network security and decentralization. Delegators share in the rewards and are incentivized to choose reliable validators. 3. Economic Penalties: Slashing: Validators can be penalized for malicious behavior, such as double-signing or producing invalid blocks. This penalty, known as slashing, results in the loss of a portion of the staked tokens, discouraging dishonest actions.
Incentive Mechanisms and Applicable Fees
Solana uses a combination of Proof of History (PoH) and Proof of Stake (PoS) to secure its network and validate transactions. Here’s a detailed explanation of the incentive mechanisms and applicable fees: Incentive Mechanisms 4. Validators: Staking Rewards: Validators are chosen based on the number of SOL tokens they have staked. They earn rewards for producing and validating blocks, which are distributed in SOL. The more tokens staked, the higher the chances of being selected to validate transactions and produce new blocks. Transaction Fees: Validators earn a portion of the transaction fees paid by users for the transactions they include in the blocks. This provides an additional financial incentive for validators to process transactions efficiently and maintain the network's integrity. 5. Delegators: Delegated Staking: Token holders who do not wish to run a validator node can delegate their SOL tokens to a validator. In return, delegators share in the rewards earned by the validators. This encourages widespread participation in securing the network and ensures decentralization. 6. Economic Security: Slashing: Validators can be penalized for malicious behavior, such as producing invalid blocks or being frequently offline. This penalty, known as slashing, involves the loss of a portion of their staked tokens. Slashing deters dishonest actions and ensures that validators act in the best interest of the network. Opportunity Cost: By staking SOL tokens, validators and delegators lock up their tokens, which could otherwise be used or sold. This opportunity cost incentivizes participants to act honestly to earn rewards and avoid penalties. Fees Applicable on the Solana Blockchain 7. Transaction Fees: Low and Predictable Fees: Solana is designed to handle a high throughput of transactions, which helps keep fees low and predictable. The average transaction fee on Solana is significantly lower compared to other blockchains like Ethereum. Fee Structure: Fees are paid in SOL and are used to compensate validators for the resources they expend to process transactions. This includes computational power and network bandwidth. 8. Rent Fees: State Storage: Solana charges rent fees for storing data on the blockchain. These fees are designed to discourage inefficient use of state storage and encourage developers to clean up unused state. Rent fees help maintain the efficiency and performance of the network. 9. Smart Contract Fees: Execution Costs: Similar to transaction fees, fees for deploying and interacting with smart contracts on Solana are based on the computational resources required. This ensures that users are charged proportionally for the resources they consume.
Beginning of the period to which the disclosure relates
2024-07-01
End of the period to which the disclosure relates
2025-07-01
Energy report
Energy consumption
6244785.00000 (kWh/a)
Renewable energy consumption
27.008179797 (%)
Energy intensity
0.00000 (kWh)
Key energy sources and methodologies
To determine the proportion of renewable energy usage, the locations of the nodes are to be determined using public information sites, open-source crawlers and crawlers developed in-house. If no information is available on the geographic distribution of the nodes, reference networks are used which are comparable in terms of their incentivization structure and consensus mechanism. This geo-information is merged with public information from Our World in Data, see citation. The intensity is calculated as the marginal energy cost wrt. one more transaction. Ember (2025); Energy Institute - Statistical Review of World Energy (2024) - with major processing by Our World in Data. “Share of electricity generated by renewables - Ember and Energy Institute” [dataset]. Ember, “Yearly Electricity Data Europe”; Ember, “Yearly Electricity Data”; Energy Institute, “Statistical Review of World Energy” [original data]. Retrieved from https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-electricity-renewables.
Energy consumption sources and methodologies
For the calculation of energy consumptions, the so called 'bottom-up' approach is being used. The nodes are considered to be the central factor for the energy consumption of the network. These assumptions are made on the basis of empirical findings through the use of public information sites, open-source crawlers and crawlers developed in-house. The main determinants for estimating the hardware used within the network are the requirements for operating the client software. The energy consumption of the hardware devices was measured in certified test laboratories. When calculating the energy consumption, we used - if available - the Functionally Fungible Group Digital Token Identifier (FFG DTI) to determine all implementations of the asset of question in scope and we update the mappings regulary, based on data of the Digital Token Identifier Foundation. The information regarding the hardware used and the number of participants in the network is based on assumptions that are verified with best effort using empirical data. In general, participants are assumed to be largely economically rational. As a precautionary principle, we make assumptions on the conservative side when in doubt, i.e. making higher estimates for the adverse impacts.
Emissions report
Scope 1 DLT GHG emissions – Controlled
0.00000 (tCO2e/a)
Scope 2 DLT GHG emissions - Purchased
2116.16462 (tCO2e/a)
GHG intensity
0.00000 (kgCO2e)
Key GHG sources and methodologies
To determine the GHG Emissions, the locations of the nodes are to be determined using public information sites, open-source crawlers and crawlers developed in-house. If no information is available on the geographic distribution of the nodes, reference networks are used which are comparable in terms of their incentivization structure and consensus mechanism. This geo-information is merged with public information from Our World in Data, see citation. The intensity is calculated as the marginal emission wrt. one more transaction. Ember (2025); Energy Institute - Statistical Review of World Energy (2024) - with major processing by Our World in Data. “Carbon intensity of electricity generation - Ember and Energy Institute” [dataset]. Ember, “Yearly Electricity Data Europe”; Ember, “Yearly Electricity Data”; Energy Institute, “Statistical Review of World Energy” [original data]. Retrieved from https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/carbon-intensity-electricity Licenced under CC BY 4.0.

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