
NFT
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$0.00000043840
+$0.00000000010000
(+0.02%)
过去 24 小时的价格变化

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APENFT 市场信息
市值
市值是通过流通总应量与最新价格相乘进行计算。市值 = 当前流通量 × 最新价
流通总量
目前该代币在市场流通的数量
市值排行
该资产的市值排名
历史最高价
该代币在交易历史中的最高价格
历史最低价
该代币在交易历史中的最低价格
市值
$4.34亿
流通总量
990,105,682,877,398 NFT
占
999,990,000,000,000 NFT
的 99.01%市值排行
--
审计方

最后审计日期:2021年12月29日 (UTC+8)
24 小时最高
$0.00000044030
24 小时最低
$0.00000043620
历史最高价
$0.0000063500
-93.10% (-$0.00001)
最后更新日期:2021年11月15日 (UTC+8)
历史最低价
$0.00000022410
+95.62% (+$0.00000021430)
最后更新日期:2023年6月10日 (UTC+8)
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TechFlow
撰文:张无忌 wepoets
随着区块链技术的快速发展和全球金融市场的数字化转型,美股代币化(Tokenization of U.S. Stocks)作为一项前沿金融创新,正从概念逐步走向现实。通过将传统股票资产转化为区块链上的数字代币,代币化打破了地域和时间的限制,为全球投资者提供更高效、便捷的投资渠道。然而,这一新兴领域在带来巨大潜力的同时,也面临合规、技术和市场接受度的多重挑战。本文从美股代币化的现状、潜力、合规路径、市场影响及投资注意事项四个方面,探讨其背后的逻辑与意义,尝试为投资者和行业观察者提供全面视角。
第一部分:美股总市值、代币化项目概览及潜力分析
美股总市值
截至 2025 年 6 月,美股市场总市值已突破 55 万亿美元,约占全球股市市值的 50%,稳居全球资本市场首位。这一规模得益于美国经济的稳健增长、科技行业的持续创新及成熟的金融基础设施。
纳斯达克和纽约证券交易所(NYSE)上市的科技巨头,如苹果(Apple)、微软(Microsoft)、英伟达(NVIDIA),市值动辄数万亿美元,成为美股市场的核心支柱。美股的高流动性、透明度和全球影响力,使其成为代币化资产的理想标的。
美股代币化项目与平台概览
美股代币化通过区块链技术将传统股票转化为数字代币,投资者通过持有代币间接拥有底层股票的权益。这些代币通常以 1:1 比例锚定真实股票,支持全天候交易、部分股权投资和去中心化结算。以下是当前主要的代币化项目和平台:
Kraken:2025 年 5 月,Kraken 宣布为非美国客户推出代币化美股交易服务,涵盖苹果、特斯拉等热门股票。平台利用区块链技术实现 7×24 小时交易,突破传统股市的交易时间限制。
Coinbase:Coinbase 正与 SEC 沟通,寻求批准推出链上美股交易服务,计划覆盖现货、合约及去中心化交易所(DEX)功能,挑战 Robinhood 等传统券商。
Bybit: Bybit 于 5 月 19 日在自己的 TradFi 平台上推出了基于 USDT 的股票差价合约 (CFD) 交易。用户只需创建 MT 5 账户就可以直接使用 USDT 抵押品交易美股,股票目前共包含 78 支
Ondo Finance:Ondo Finance 是一个去中心化化的机构级金融协议,并且已经与特朗普家族项目 WLFI 达成合作。早在 2 月 5 日,Ondo Finance 就发文宣布即将推出 RWA 代币化交易平台 Ondo Global Markets (Ondo GM),允许用户买卖由现实资产 1: 1 支持的股票、债券和 ETF 代币。
MyStonks:MyStonks 是一个去中心化的数字资产交易平台,2025 年 5 月上线链上美股代币市场,与全球资管机构合作,提供托管背书的代币化美股交易服务,覆盖苹果、亚马逊、谷歌等热门股票。用户可通过 USDC 或 USDT 购买股票代币,平台将稳定币转换为美元,购买真实股票并 1:1 铸造 ERC-20 代币。
此外,还有 Backed、Dinari、Helix、DigiFT 等美股代币化平台和项目,都值得关注。
链上美股的潜力规模与发展前景
根据波士顿咨询集团(BCG)等机构的预测,现实世界资产(RWA)代币化市场规模预计到 2030 年达到 2 万亿至 30 万亿美元,涵盖股票、债券、房地产等资产。当前,代币化资产市场规模约为 120 亿美元(不含稳定币),美股代币化作为核心组成部分,潜力巨大。
发展前景:
全球可触达性:代币化消除了地域壁垒,非美国投资者无需传统券商账户即可投资美股,显著降低准入门槛。
全天候交易:区块链支持 7×24 小时交易,弥补传统股市休市时间的不足,提升市场灵活性。
成本效率:去中心化结算减少中介环节,降低交易成本。例如,MyStonks 的交易费用低至 0.3%,远低于传统券商。
流动性提升:部分股权(Fractional Ownership)使高价股票如亚马逊(约 4000 美元 / 股)对中小投资者更具吸引力,促进市场流动性。
金融创新:代币化股票可作为 DeFi 协议的抵押品,催生链上借贷和衍生品交易等新产品。
美股代币化通过区块链技术减少中介、优化结算流程,降低了信息不对称和交易摩擦成本,从而吸引更多全球投资者参与,提升市场规模和流动性。然而,代币化规模的实现依赖于技术成熟度、监管清晰度和市场信任度。未来五至十年,随着区块链技术的优化和监管框架的完善,美股代币化有望成为全球投资的主流方式之一。
第二部分:合规风险、发展障碍与合规路径
合规风险与发展障碍
美股代币化在创新的同时,面临显著的合规风险与发展障碍:
监管不确定性:SEC 对代币化证券的监管态度严格,可能将其视为受《1934 年证券交易法》约束的证券资产。过去对 ICO 的严厉执法表明,SEC 对代币化项目的审查极为严格。
反洗钱与 KYC 要求:代币化平台需严格执行 KYC(了解你的客户)和 AML(反洗钱)规定,确保资金来源合法性。
跨境监管挑战:美股代币化面向全球市场,需应对不同国家和地区的监管差异。
技术与安全风险:智能合约漏洞、黑客攻击或私钥管理不当可能导致资产损失。
市场接受度:传统投资者对区块链技术的信任度较低,部分投资者因不熟悉链上交易而持观望态度。
合规路径探索与设计
为推动美股代币化发展,平台需设计清晰的合规路径:
经纪自营商牌照:如 Dinari 这一美股代币化项目的实践,注册为 SEC 认可的经纪自营商是合规关键,确保代币化股票的合法发行与交易。
监管合作:与 SEC、商品期货交易委员会(CFTC)等机构沟通,制定符合证券法规的代币化框架。例如,Coinbase 正与 SEC 协商,确保代币化股东享有与传统股东同等权利。
标准化技术:采用 Polymath 的 ERC-1400 或 Securitize 的合规框架,确保代币透明、可审计。
KYC/AML 流程:与区块链分析公司合作,增强交易透明度,降低洗钱风险。
跨境合规协调:与香港金管局、欧盟 ESMA 等机构合作,制定跨国代币化交易标准。
根据制度经济学,明确的监管框架和产权保护是市场发展的基石。代币化平台通过合规路径降低制度不确定性,有利于建立投资者信任,从而减少市场摩擦,促进资本流动和市场规模扩张。
第三部分:美股代币化的多维度影响
对币圈的影响
资本流入:代币化吸引传统金融投资者进入加密市场,增加加密资产的流动性和市值。2025 年全球加密市场总市值已达 3.3 万亿美元,代币化股票的引入将进一步推动资金流入。
生态融合:美股代币化推动 DeFi 与传统金融的融合,催生链上借贷、衍生品等新产品。例如,代币化股票可作为抵押品参与 DeFi 协议,提升资产利用率。
竞争加剧:Coinbase、Kraken、MyStonks 等加密交易所与传统券商竞争加剧,可能重塑行业格局。
对传统金融市场的影响
交易模式革新:全天候交易和部分股权模式挑战传统券商的业务模式,迫使 Robinhood 等券商平台加速数字化转型。
成本与效率:区块链结算减少中介环节,降低交易成本,但可能压缩传统券商的利润空间。
监管压力:代币化的普及将促使 SEC 加快制定新规,增加传统金融机构的合规成本。
对美国经济的影响
金融中心地位巩固:美股代币化增强美国资本市场的全球吸引力,巩固其金融中心地位。
创新驱动:代币化推动区块链技术在金融领域的应用,促进科技与金融的协同发展。
潜在风险:监管滞后可能引发市场操纵或流动性危机,威胁金融稳定。
对世界经济发展格局的影响
美元霸权延伸:美股代币化以美元计价,结合稳定币的全球流通,强化美元在全球金融体系的主导地位。
新兴市场机遇:代币化降低投资门槛,为新兴市场投资者提供参与美股的机会,促进全球资本流动。
地缘经济博弈:美国推动代币化可能促使中国、欧盟等加速数字资产布局,改变全球金融竞争格局。
技术创新是经济增长的关键驱动力。美股代币化作为技术与金融的结合,将推动美国经济的数字化转型,增强长期增长潜力。然而,过度创新可能引发监管真空,需平衡创新与稳定。美股代币化通过美元稳定币(如 USDC、USDT)扩大美元的全球使用范围,巩固其储备货币地位。同时,代币化促进全球资源配置效率,但可能加剧新兴市场的金融波动风险。
第四部分:投资链上美股的注意事项、纳税与风险管理
投资注意事项
选择合规平台:优先选择 SEC 认证的平台,如 Dinari、MyStonks,避免非合规平台的法律风险。
了解代币机制:确认代币是否 1:1 锚定真实股票,赎回机制是否透明。
技术风险评估:检查平台的区块链安全性,如智能合约审计、多重签名钱包等。
市场波动:代币化股票受美股和加密市场双重波动影响,需关注整体市场风险。
纳税问题
在美国,代币化股票交易被视为证券交易,需遵守美国国税局(IRS)税务规定:
资本利得税:交易收益需缴纳短期(持有期≤1 年,税率 10%-37%)或长期(持有期>1 年,税率 0%-20%)资本利得税。
交易记录:投资者需保留完整的交易记录,包括买入、卖出时间及价格,以备税务申报。
跨境税务:非美国居民需遵守所在国的税务法规,建议咨询专业税务顾问。
稳定币税务:使用 USDC 或 USDT 交易可能需报告每次交易的资本利得,增加税务复杂性。
代币化股票的税务复杂性可能增加投资者的合规成本,影响市场参与度。清晰的税务指南和自动化税务工具可降低合规负担,促进市场发展。
风险管理
分散投资:避免集中投资于单一代币化股票或平台,降低非系统性风险。
止损策略:利用平台提供的止损功能,控制市场波动损失。
安全措施:定期检查账户安全,确保私钥和多重签名钱包的安全性。
监管动态:关注 SEC 等机构的政策变化,及时调整投资策略。
SUM
美股代币化作为区块链技术与传统金融的桥梁,展现了重塑全球资本市场的潜力。通过降低交易成本、提升流动性和扩大市场可触达性,代币化推动了金融市场的效率与包容性。
然而,合规风险、技术挑战和市场接受度仍是其发展的主要障碍。从经济学的视角看,代币化通过减少交易摩擦、优化资源配置和推动技术创新,为美国乃至全球经济注入新动能,但需警惕监管滞后和市场波动带来的风险。
对于投资者而言,链上美股提供了全新的投资机会,但需谨慎选择合规平台、了解税务要求并实施有效的风险管理策略。Dinari、MyStonks 等平台的兴起,标志着代币化市场的快速成熟,其合规与安全机制为行业树立了标杆。未来,随着监管框架的完善和区块链技术的进步,美股代币化有望成为全球金融市场的重要组成部分,重塑投资格局,开启数字化金融的新纪元。
最后一句,链上美股风险较大,NFA,DYOR!
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加密Krystal
「 解读Anoma:开创去中心化应用新时代的操作系统 」
最近看到几年前的老项目 Anoma @anoma已上线 Kaito 排行榜 ,大家都在讨论,就在昨天官方还发放了Yapper奖励——这次的代币分配不错,代币供应量的1%都拿来给大家了,其中0.7%分给了Anoma的Yappers,0.3%分给了Kaito社区。
排名链接:
而且,Anoma最近的融资进展也相当值得关注。截止到6月,总融资额已经达到了6025万美元,听说它正在洽谈一轮新的4000万美元融资,如果这一轮成功,Anoma的估值有可能突破10亿美元。
Anoma 是一个全新的去中心化操作系统,它的出现解决了去中心化应用开发中的很多痛点,重新定义了用户与区块链的互动方式。接下来,我们来看看它到底有何独特之处。
Anoma 的三大技术亮点:
1️⃣ “我想要什么”就够了
用户只需说出目标(比如“用ETH换隐私NFT”),系统会自动匹配路径并执行,完全告别繁琐的交易签名流程。就像 AI 点餐一样,简单一句话,轻松搞定所有操作。
2️⃣ MASP 多资产屏蔽池
不管是 ETH、BTC,还是 NFT 等任意资产,都可以混合到同一个隐私池中。链上无法追踪交易的类型与金额,保证从通讯到结算的全过程都得到隐匿。
3️⃣ Namada 子链已验证,全链隐私不是梦
Anoma 的隐私技术不仅仅是个理论概念,Namada 子链已经实际运行,提供了真正的全链隐私保护,正在改变去中心化的隐私现状。
Anoma的核心创新围绕着「意图驱动、多链统一、隐私保护」展开,凭借强大的技术实力和强有力的背书,它的主网和生态建设正稳步推进,势头十足。
#Anoma #KaitoYap @KaitoAI #Kaito
#Yappers

1.92万
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APENFT 价格表现 (美元)
APENFT 当前价格为 $0.00000043840。APENFT 的价格在过去 24 小时内上涨了 +0.02%。目前,APENFT 市值排名为第 0 名,实时市值为 $4.34亿,流通供应量为 990,105,682,877,398 NFT,最大供应量为 999,990,000,000,000 NFT。我们会实时更新 APENFT/USD 的价格。
今日
+$0.00000000010000
+0.02%
7 天
+$0.0000000023000
+0.52%
30 天
+$0.000000011700
+2.74%
3 个月
+$0.0000000050000
+1.15%
关于 APENFT (NFT)
此评级是欧易从不同来源收集的汇总评级,仅供一般参考。欧易不保证评级的质量或准确性。欧易无意提供 (i) 投资建议或推荐;(ii) 购买、出售或持有数字资产的要约或招揽;(iii) 财务、会计、法律或税务建议。包括稳定币和 NFT 的数字资产容易受到市场波动的影响,风险较高,波动较大,可能会贬值甚至变得一文不值。数字资产的价格和性能不受保证,且可能会发生变化,恕不另行通知。您的数字资产不受潜在损失保险的保障。 历史回报并不代表未来回报。欧易不保证任何回报、本金或利息的偿还。欧易不提供投资或资产建议。您应该根据自身的财务状况仔细考虑交易或持有数字资产是否适合您。具体情况请咨询您的专业法务、税务或投资人士。
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APENFT 常见问题
APENFT是什么?
APENFT是一个NFT平台,帮助领先的艺术家在区块链上制作他们的NFT艺术。它还旨在通过投资领先的非艺术平台和艺术品、孵化顶级艺术家和组织艺术展览来发展非艺术社区。NFT是APENFT项目的原生治理代币。
APENFT是如何工作的?
APENFT把艺术品以ERC-721/TRC-721标准铸造成链上代币。这些代币存储在NFT代币的ERC-20/TRC-20智能合约中,底层艺术品的权利将属于NFT持有者。
包含在铸造的ERC-721/TRC-721NFT代币中的数据,以及底层艺术品的记录永久存储在BitTorrent文件系统中,而文件存储在区块链上。
我在哪里可以买到APENFT?
您可以在欧易交易所购买 APENFT 币对比如 NFT/USDT 交易对。或者您可以使用法币直接 购买APENFT 或使用“闪兑”功能 将加密货币兑换成APENFT。
在您开始与欧易交易所交易之前,您需要 注册一个交易账户。如果要用您选择的法币购买APENFT ,请点击顶部导航栏“买币”下的“快捷买币”。如果使用 NFT/USDT或 NFT/USDC交易对或将加密货币转换APENFT,请分别点击“交易”下的“基础交易”或“闪兑”功能将加密货币转换为APENFT。
APENFT 今天值多少钱?
目前,一个 APENFT 价值是 $0.00000043840。如果您想要了解 APENFT 价格走势与行情洞察,那么这里就是您的最佳选择。在欧易探索最新的 APENFT 图表,进行专业交易。
数字货币是什么?
数字货币,例如 APENFT 是在称为区块链的公共分类账上运行的数字资产。了解有关欧易上提供的数字货币和代币及其不同属性的更多信息,其中包括实时价格和实时图表。
数字货币是什么时候开始的?
由于 2008 年金融危机,人们对去中心化金融的兴趣激增。比特币作为去中心化网络上的安全数字资产提供了一种新颖的解决方案。从那时起,许多其他代币 (例如 APENFT) 也诞生了。
APENFT 的价格今天会涨吗?
查看 APENFT 价格预测页面,预测未来价格,帮助您设定价格目标。
ESG 披露
ESG (环境、社会和治理) 法规针对数字资产,旨在应对其环境影响 (如高能耗挖矿)、提升透明度,并确保合规的治理实践。使数字代币行业与更广泛的可持续发展和社会目标保持一致。这些法规鼓励遵循相关标准,以降低风险并提高数字资产的可信度。
资产详情
名称
OKcoin Europe LTD
相关法人机构识别编码
54930069NLWEIGLHXU42
代币名称
APENFT
共识机制
APENFT is present on the following networks: binance_smart_chain, ethereum, huobi, tron.
Binance Smart Chain (BSC) uses a hybrid consensus mechanism called Proof of Staked Authority (PoSA), which combines elements of Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) and Proof of Authority (PoA). This method ensures fast block times and low fees while maintaining a level of decentralization and security. Core Components 1. Validators (so-called “Cabinet Members”): Validators on BSC are responsible for producing new blocks, validating transactions, and maintaining the network’s security. To become a validator, an entity must stake a significant amount of BNB (Binance Coin). Validators are selected through staking and voting by token holders. There are 21 active validators at any given time, rotating to ensure decentralization and security. 2. Delegators: Token holders who do not wish to run validator nodes can delegate their BNB tokens to validators. This delegation helps validators increase their stake and improves their chances of being selected to produce blocks. Delegators earn a share of the rewards that validators receive, incentivizing broad participation in network security. 3. Candidates: Candidates are nodes that have staked the required amount of BNB and are in the pool waiting to become validators. They are essentially potential validators who are not currently active but can be elected to the validator set through community voting. Candidates play a crucial role in ensuring there is always a sufficient pool of nodes ready to take on validation tasks, thus maintaining network resilience and decentralization. Consensus Process 4. Validator Selection: Validators are chosen based on the amount of BNB staked and votes received from delegators. The more BNB staked and votes received, the higher the chance of being selected to validate transactions and produce new blocks. The selection process involves both the current validators and the pool of candidates, ensuring a dynamic and secure rotation of nodes. 5. Block Production: The selected validators take turns producing blocks in a PoA-like manner, ensuring that blocks are generated quickly and efficiently. Validators validate transactions, add them to new blocks, and broadcast these blocks to the network. 6. Transaction Finality: BSC achieves fast block times of around 3 seconds and quick transaction finality. This is achieved through the efficient PoSA mechanism that allows validators to rapidly reach consensus. Security and Economic Incentives 7. Staking: Validators are required to stake a substantial amount of BNB, which acts as collateral to ensure their honest behavior. This staked amount can be slashed if validators act maliciously. Staking incentivizes validators to act in the network's best interest to avoid losing their staked BNB. 8. Delegation and Rewards: Delegators earn rewards proportional to their stake in validators. This incentivizes them to choose reliable validators and participate in the network’s security. Validators and delegators share transaction fees as rewards, which provides continuous economic incentives to maintain network security and performance. 9. Transaction Fees: BSC employs low transaction fees, paid in BNB, making it cost-effective for users. These fees are collected by validators as part of their rewards, further incentivizing them to validate transactions accurately and efficiently.
The Ethereum network uses a Proof-of-Stake Consensus Mechanism to validate new transactions on the blockchain. Core Components 1. Validators: Validators are responsible for proposing and validating new blocks. To become a validator, a user must deposit (stake) 32 ETH into a smart contract. This stake acts as collateral and can be slashed if the validator behaves dishonestly. 2. Beacon Chain: The Beacon Chain is the backbone of Ethereum 2.0. It coordinates the network of validators and manages the consensus protocol. It is responsible for creating new blocks, organizing validators into committees, and implementing the finality of blocks. Consensus Process 1. Block Proposal: Validators are chosen randomly to propose new blocks. This selection is based on a weighted random function (WRF), where the weight is determined by the amount of ETH staked. 2. Attestation: Validators not proposing a block participate in attestation. They attest to the validity of the proposed block by voting for it. Attestations are then aggregated to form a single proof of the block’s validity. 3. Committees: Validators are organized into committees to streamline the validation process. Each committee is responsible for validating blocks within a specific shard or the Beacon Chain itself. This ensures decentralization and security, as a smaller group of validators can quickly reach consensus. 4. Finality: Ethereum 2.0 uses a mechanism called Casper FFG (Friendly Finality Gadget) to achieve finality. Finality means that a block and its transactions are considered irreversible and confirmed. Validators vote on the finality of blocks, and once a supermajority is reached, the block is finalized. 5. Incentives and Penalties: Validators earn rewards for participating in the network, including proposing blocks and attesting to their validity. Conversely, validators can be penalized (slashed) for malicious behavior, such as double-signing or being offline for extended periods. This ensures honest participation and network security.
The Huobi Eco Chain (HECO) blockchain employs a Hybrid-Proof-of-Stake (HPoS) consensus mechanism, combining elements of Proof-of-Stake (PoS) to enhance transaction efficiency and scalability. Key Features of HECO's Consensus Mechanism: 1. Validator Selection: HECO supports up to 21 validators, selected based on their stake in the network. 2. Transaction Processing: Validators are responsible for processing transactions and adding blocks to the blockchain. 3. Transaction Finality: The consensus mechanism ensures quick finality, allowing for rapid confirmation of transactions. 4. Energy Efficiency: By utilizing PoS elements, HECO reduces energy consumption compared to traditional Proof-of-Work systems.
The Tron blockchain operates on a Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) consensus mechanism, designed to improve scalability, transaction speed, and energy efficiency. Here's a breakdown of how it works: 1. Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS): Tron uses DPoS, where token holders vote for a group of delegates known as Super Representatives (SRs)who are responsible for validating transactions and producing new blocks on the network. Token holders can vote for SRs based on their stake in the Tron network, and the top 27 SRs (or more, depending on the protocol version) are selected to participate in the block production process. SRs take turns producing blocks, which are added to the blockchain. This is done on a rotational basis to ensure decentralization and prevent control by a small group of validators. 2. Block Production: The Super Representatives generate new blocks and confirm transactions. The Tron blockchain achieves block finality quickly, with block production occurring every 3 seconds, making it highly efficient and capable of processing thousands of transactions per second. 3. Voting and Governance: Tron’s DPoS system also allows token holders to vote on important network decisions, such as protocol upgrades and changes to the system’s parameters. Voting power is proportional to the amount of TRX (Tron’s native token) that a user holds and chooses to stake. This provides a governance system where the community can actively participate in decision-making. 4. Super Representatives: The Super Representatives play a crucial role in maintaining the security and stability of the Tron blockchain. They are responsible for validating transactions, proposing new blocks, and ensuring the overall functionality of the network. Super Representatives are incentivized with block rewards (newly minted TRX tokens) and transaction feesfor their work.
奖励机制与相应费用
APENFT is present on the following networks: binance_smart_chain, ethereum, huobi, tron.
Binance Smart Chain (BSC) uses the Proof of Staked Authority (PoSA) consensus mechanism to ensure network security and incentivize participation from validators and delegators. Incentive Mechanisms 1. Validators: Staking Rewards: Validators must stake a significant amount of BNB to participate in the consensus process. They earn rewards in the form of transaction fees and block rewards. Selection Process: Validators are selected based on the amount of BNB staked and the votes received from delegators. The more BNB staked and votes received, the higher the chances of being selected to validate transactions and produce new blocks. 2. Delegators: Delegated Staking: Token holders can delegate their BNB to validators. This delegation increases the validator's total stake and improves their chances of being selected to produce blocks. Shared Rewards: Delegators earn a portion of the rewards that validators receive. This incentivizes token holders to participate in the network’s security and decentralization by choosing reliable validators. 3. Candidates: Pool of Potential Validators: Candidates are nodes that have staked the required amount of BNB and are waiting to become active validators. They ensure that there is always a sufficient pool of nodes ready to take on validation tasks, maintaining network resilience. 4. Economic Security: Slashing: Validators can be penalized for malicious behavior or failure to perform their duties. Penalties include slashing a portion of their staked tokens, ensuring that validators act in the best interest of the network. Opportunity Cost: Staking requires validators and delegators to lock up their BNB tokens, providing an economic incentive to act honestly to avoid losing their staked assets. Fees on the Binance Smart Chain 5. Transaction Fees: Low Fees: BSC is known for its low transaction fees compared to other blockchain networks. These fees are paid in BNB and are essential for maintaining network operations and compensating validators. Dynamic Fee Structure: Transaction fees can vary based on network congestion and the complexity of the transactions. However, BSC ensures that fees remain significantly lower than those on the Ethereum mainnet. 6. Block Rewards: Incentivizing Validators: Validators earn block rewards in addition to transaction fees. These rewards are distributed to validators for their role in maintaining the network and processing transactions. 7. Cross-Chain Fees: Interoperability Costs: BSC supports cross-chain compatibility, allowing assets to be transferred between Binance Chain and Binance Smart Chain. These cross-chain operations incur minimal fees, facilitating seamless asset transfers and improving user experience. 8. Smart Contract Fees: Deployment and Execution Costs: Deploying and interacting with smart contracts on BSC involves paying fees based on the computational resources required. These fees are also paid in BNB and are designed to be cost-effective, encouraging developers to build on the BSC platform.
Ethereum, particularly after transitioning to Ethereum 2.0 (Eth2), employs a Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism to secure its network. The incentives for validators and the fee structures play crucial roles in maintaining the security and efficiency of the blockchain. Incentive Mechanisms 1. Staking Rewards: Validator Rewards: Validators are essential to the PoS mechanism. They are responsible for proposing and validating new blocks. To participate, they must stake a minimum of 32 ETH. In return, they earn rewards for their contributions, which are paid out in ETH. These rewards are a combination of newly minted ETH and transaction fees from the blocks they validate. Reward Rate: The reward rate for validators is dynamic and depends on the total amount of ETH staked in the network. The more ETH staked, the lower the individual reward rate, and vice versa. This is designed to balance the network's security and the incentive to participate. 2. Transaction Fees: Base Fee: After the implementation of Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP) 1559, the transaction fee model changed to include a base fee that is burned (i.e., removed from circulation). This base fee adjusts dynamically based on network demand, aiming to stabilize transaction fees and reduce volatility. Priority Fee (Tip): Users can also include a priority fee (tip) to incentivize validators to include their transactions more quickly. This fee goes directly to the validators, providing them with an additional incentive to process transactions efficiently. 3. Penalties for Malicious Behavior: Slashing: Validators face penalties (slashing) if they engage in malicious behavior, such as double-signing or validating incorrect information. Slashing results in the loss of a portion of their staked ETH, discouraging bad actors and ensuring that validators act in the network's best interest. Inactivity Penalties: Validators also face penalties for prolonged inactivity. This ensures that validators remain active and engaged in maintaining the network's security and operation. Fees Applicable on the Ethereum Blockchain 1. Gas Fees: Calculation: Gas fees are calculated based on the computational complexity of transactions and smart contract executions. Each operation on the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) has an associated gas cost. Dynamic Adjustment: The base fee introduced by EIP-1559 dynamically adjusts according to network congestion. When demand for block space is high, the base fee increases, and when demand is low, it decreases. 2. Smart Contract Fees: Deployment and Interaction: Deploying a smart contract on Ethereum involves paying gas fees proportional to the contract's complexity and size. Interacting with deployed smart contracts (e.g., executing functions, transferring tokens) also incurs gas fees. Optimizations: Developers are incentivized to optimize their smart contracts to minimize gas usage, making transactions more cost-effective for users. 3. Asset Transfer Fees: Token Transfers: Transferring ERC-20 or other token standards involves gas fees. These fees vary based on the token's contract implementation and the current network demand.
The Huobi Eco Chain (HECO) blockchain employs a Hybrid-Proof-of-Stake (HPoS) consensus mechanism, combining elements of Proof-of-Stake (PoS) to enhance transaction efficiency and scalability. Incentive Mechanism: 1. Validator Rewards: Validators are selected based on their stake in the network. They process transactions and add blocks to the blockchain. Validators receive rewards in the form of transaction fees for their role in maintaining the blockchain's integrity. 2. Staking Participation: Users can stake Huobi Token (HT) to become validators or delegate their tokens to existing validators. Staking helps secure the network and, in return, participants receive a portion of the transaction fees as rewards. Applicable Fees: 1. Transaction Fees (Gas Fees): Users pay gas fees in HT tokens to execute transactions and interact with smart contracts on the HECO network. These fees compensate validators for processing and validating transactions. 2. Smart Contract Execution Fees: Deploying and interacting with smart contracts incur additional fees, which are also paid in HT tokens. These fees cover the computational resources required to execute contract code.
The Tron blockchain uses a Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) consensus mechanism to secure its network and incentivize participation. Here's how the incentive mechanism and applicable fees work: Incentive Mechanism: 1. Super Representatives (SRs) Rewards: Block Rewards: Super Representatives (SRs), who are elected by TRX holders, are rewarded for producing blocks. Each block they produce comes with a block reward in the form of TRX tokens. Transaction Fees: In addition to block rewards, SRs receive transaction fees for validating transactions and including them in blocks. This ensures they are incentivized to process transactions efficiently. 2. Voting and Delegation: TRX Staking: TRX holders can stake their tokens and vote for Super Representatives (SRs). When TRX holders vote, they delegate their voting power to SRs, which allows SRs to earn rewards in the form of newly minted TRX tokens. Delegator Rewards: Token holders who delegate their votes to an SR can also receive a share of the rewards. This means delegators share in the block rewards and transaction fees that the SR earns. Incentivizing Participation: The more tokens a user stakes, the more voting power they have, which encourages participation in governance and network security. 3. Incentive for SRs: SRs are also incentivized to maintain the health and performance of the network. Their reputation and continued election depend on their ability to produce blocks consistently and efficiently process transactions. Applicable Fees: 1. Transaction Fees: Fee Calculation: Users must pay transaction fees to have their transactions processed. The transaction fee varies based on the complexity of the transaction and the network's current demand. This is paid in TRX tokens. Transaction Fee Distribution: Transaction fees are distributed to Super Representatives (SRs), giving them an ongoing income to maintain and support the network. 2. Storage Fees: Tron charges storage fees for data storage on the blockchain. This includes storing smart contracts, tokens, and other data on the network. Users are required to pay these fees in TRX tokens to store data. 3. Energy and Bandwidth: Energy: Tron uses a resource model that allows users to access network resources like bandwidth and energy through staking. Users who stake their TRX tokens receive "energy," which is required to execute transactions and interact with smart contracts. Bandwidth: Each user is allocated a certain amount of bandwidth based on their TRX holdings. If users exceed their allotted bandwidth, they can pay for additional bandwidth in TRX tokens.
信息披露时间段的开始日期
2024-04-20
信息披露时间段的结束日期
2025-04-20
能源报告
能源消耗
498.08784 (kWh/a)
能源消耗来源与评估体系
The energy consumption of this asset is aggregated across multiple components:
To determine the energy consumption of a token, the energy consumption of the network(s) binance_smart_chain, ethereum, huobi, tron is calculated first. Based on the crypto asset's gas consumption per network, the share of the total consumption of the respective network that is assigned to this asset is defined. When calculating the energy consumption, we used - if available - the Functionally Fungible Group Digital Token Identifier (FFG DTI) to determine all implementations of the asset of question in scope and we update the mappings regulary, based on data of the Digital Token Identifier Foundation.
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