The competition in Crypto VM has come to a pause. From the previous cycle's wasm, svm, MoveVM, etc., to this cycle's riscv, etc. In the last cycle, we saw many EVM-compatible options, but also many challengers. For example, the @cosmoshub ecosystem has been oscillating between wasm and EVM compatibility, while @polkadot's official push last cycle was also for wasm. Recently, I've noticed that both teams are focusing on EVM compatibility. In the financial context, where liquidity is paramount, it's hard for anyone to challenge ETH's entire developer infrastructure, which has become the de facto standard, leaving a small market share for svm (Solana) and movevm (Aptos, Sui). The new spark, riscv, is still too early (including some emerging public chains laying out riscv and some zk projects primarily based on riscv, but most are still EVM-compatible). The decision for cosmos is: -EVM as the core development support, with wasm allocated to a chain team within the ecosystem, providing some financial support. The decision for @Polkadot is: To achieve 100% EVM compatibility through REVM, while PVM (riscv vm) will release a preview version (this is the future, not the present, and is a more pragmatic strategy. The greater value of PVM, aside from performance and system advantages, will be realized in the future if the web3 non-financial scenarios flourish, rather than in the present). - By mid-December, Polkadot Hub will support 100% EVM compatibility! This will enhance the speed at which Ethereum developers and third-party services can connect to Polkadot. - At the same time, continue to build PVM's preview support. Main decisions and changes: -Fully focus on EVM compatibility development based on the widely used and audited REVM implementation, balancing speed and security with the goal of delivering complete EVM compatibility and PVM preview support by mid-December 2025 (dual-stack coexistence compatible with Hardhat/Foundry toolchain). - REVM + pallet-revive: Support EVM and PVM dual-stack coexistence compatible with Hardhat/Foundry toolchain, -- Developers can natively deploy Solidity contracts supporting Anvil development nodes, XCM precompilation, cross-contract calls, and other advanced features. Roadmap: The first phase of the PVM preview version (Kusama) has already gone live. In September, the PVM preview second phase went live on Kusama, including ERC20 & basic XCM. In late October, Kusama Hub will launch the 100% EVM-compatible REVM. By mid-December: Polkadot Hub will launch the REVM and PVM preview version. Some information from @Polkadot From @alice_und_bob @polkaworld_org.