FHE/zK/mpc 组合使用 会使加密基础设施更安全 前端时间 @VitalikButerin 的x上有过这样的讨论,感兴趣的可以翻翻去。 zama @zama 协议也是使用类似的方案,就是组合三个算法不同的优势部分,来使zama FHE更安全,当然zama核心还是FHE,其他部分承担了一些重要职责。 一个通俗易懂的基本流程: 用户端目标:ZK 保证输入合法 用户提交交易时会: 1/用 FHE 公钥加密输入 2/生成 ZK 证明(输入被正确加密) 3/把 ciphertext(加密后的输入文本) + proof 发给链 链上:FHE 执行智能合约 验证者节点: 1/在加密状态下执行智能合约(FHE compute) 3/在加密状态下执行智能合约(FHE compute) 3/得到 ciphertext 输出(仍然是密文计算后的输出,仍然是密文) 公共验证:FHE 让所有人重放计算 1/任何观察者都可以: 2/拿 ciphertext 输入 3/按照链上合约逻辑重新执行 FHE 4/检查输出 ciphertext 是否匹配 实现透明公开验证。 MPC(门限解密):只有用户能拿回明文 当用户需要明文结果时: 节点们用自己的 secret key share(MPC)协作 生成 partial decryptions 1/合成为最终明文 2/发回给用户 3/没有任何单个节点能解密 FHE 负责密文计算,保持隐私与公开验证 MPC 负责密钥,确保节点永远无法单独解密 ZK 负责输入合法性(没有去做FHE合约的计算验证,而不是做了FHE加密过程的ZK证明,保证效率,又保证的安全性),确保用户无法伪造 ciphertext
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