什么是 Rollup Rollup 是一种扩展以太坊的技术,把大量计算和数据从主链“卷起来”放在链下,只把关键数据提交到链上,从而提高速度、降低费用。 ➣ Optimistic Rollup ▰ “乐观地”认为链下的交易是正确的 ▰ 给每个提交的区块设置一个挑战期(通常是 7 天) ▰ 期间任何人都可以提交“欺诈证明”来挑战错误的交易 优点:计算简单,易实现 缺点:取款等待时间长(因为要等挑战期) 代表项目:Arbitrum、Optimism ➣ ZK Rollup ▰ 打包交易时生成零知识证明,证明交易正确 ▰ 不需要挑战期,主链验证这个证明即可确认交易有效 优点:安全、取款快 缺点:ZK 证明计算复杂、开发成本高 代表项目:zkSync、Starknet、Scroll ➣ Hybrid Rollup ▰ 结合 Optimistic 和 ZK 两种方式的优势 ▰ 设计上可能先用乐观机制快速执行,再通过 ZK 证明异步验证,或者支持两种验证方式选择切换 目标:兼顾性能、安全性、开发灵活性 代表项目: Fuel V2、Taiko(拟采用混合验证)
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